bits 16
-org 0x7c00
+org 7c00h
-%define ORG 0x7c00
-%define VGA 0xb8000
+; =============================================================================
+
+; settings --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%define DEAD ' ' ; char to represent a dead cell
+%define ALIVE '.' ; char to represent an alive cell
+%define PRINT_COLOR 07h ; grey on black
+%define ITER_LIM 500 ; reset the simulation after this # iterations
+
+; constants -------------------------------------------------------------------
%define COLS 80
%define ROWS 25
+%define VGAPGSZ 1000h ; (bytes)
-%define DEAD ' ' ; char to represent a dead cell
-%define ALIVE '#' ; char to represent an alive cell
-%define PRINT_COLOR 0x07 ; grey on black
-%define WAIT_DELAY 0x02 ; 0.131072 seconds
+; memory layout ---------------------------------------------------------------
-%define GRID ORG + 512 ; current cell grid (80 * 25 bytes)
-%define NEXT_GRID GRID + COLS * ROWS ; next cell grid (80 * 25 bytes)
-%define XSS NEXT_GRID + COLS * ROWS ; xs() state
+%define ORG 7c00h
+%define VGA 0b8000h
+%define DAT ORG + 512
+
+; static variables ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%define xss DAT ; xs() state (word)
+%define currvgapg DAT + 2 ; current vga page near pointer (word)
+%define iter DAT + 4 ; current iteration # (word)
+
+; =============================================================================
; entry point -----------------------------------------------------------------
+entry:
+
; initialize segment registers
-lds ax, [farptr.zero]
-les ax, [farptr.zero]
-lss ax, [farptr.zero]
+mov ax, VGA >> 4
+mov es, ax ; es:0 -> video memory
+
+xor ax, ax
+mov ds, ax ; ds = 0
+mov ss, ax ; ss = 0
; set stack pointers
mov bp, ORG
cld
; disable cursor
-mov ch, 0x3f
-mov ah, 0x01
-int 0x10
+mov ch, 3fh ; cursor start and options
+mov ah, 01h ; set text-mode cursor shape
+int 10h ; bios video services
; initialize xss
-mov ah, 0x00 ; get
-int 0x1a ; system time
-mov [XSS], dx ; cx:dx = number of clock ticks since midnight
+.set_xss:
+ mov ah, 00h ; get system time
+ int 1ah ; bios time services
+ ; cx:dx = # clock ticks since midnight
+ or dx, dx
+ jz .set_xss ; wait for something meaningful
-; setup -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+mov [xss], dx
-setup:
+; initialize currvgapg
+mov word [currvgapg], 0
+
+; start simulation from random state ------------------------------------------
+
+start:
call init_grid
-call print_grid
-call delay
+mov word [iter], 0
+
+.next_state:
+
+ call vsync_wait
+ call update_grid
+
+ call vsync_wait
+ call flip_vgapg
-jmp setup
+ inc word [iter]
+ cmp word [iter], ITER_LIM
+ jl .next_state
+
+jmp start ; reset
+
+; =============================================================================
; functions -------------------------------------------------------------------
-; delay() - suspend program execution temporarily -----------------------------
+; vsync_wait() - wait for display to enter the next retrace cycle -------------
+
+; clobbers al, dx
-; clobbers ah, cx, dx
+vsync_wait:
-delay:
+mov dx, 3dah ; input status #1 register
-mov cx, WAIT_DELAY ; cx:dx = interval in microseconds
-mov dx, 0
+.wait_retrace_end:
+ in al, dx
+ test al, 08h ; vertical retrace bit
+ jnz .wait_retrace_end
-mov ah, 0x86
-int 0x15 ; wait
+.wait_retrace_start:
+ in al, dx
+ test al, 08h
+ jz .wait_retrace_start
ret
; xs() - xorshift pseudorandom number generator -------------------------------
; output:
-; [XSS] = updated state
+; [xss] = updated state
+; bx = [xss]
; clobbers bx, dx
xs:
-mov bx, [XSS]
+mov bx, [xss]
mov dx, bx
shl dx, 1 ; dx = xss << 1
shl dx, 10 ; dx = xss'' << 10
xor bx, dx ; bx = xss'' ^ (xss'' << 10)
-mov [XSS], bx
+mov [xss], bx
ret
-; init_grid() - initialize GRID cells with random values ----------------------
+; init_grid() - initialize grid cells randomly --------------------------------
-; (*) expects es = 0.
-
-; clobbers al, bx, cx, dx, di
+; clobbers ax, bx, cx, dx, di
init_grid:
-mov di, GRID ; es:di -> GRID
+mov ah, PRINT_COLOR ; ah = color attribute
+mov di, [currvgapg] ; es:di -> grid start
mov cx, COLS * ROWS ; for each cell
.write_cell: ; do {
- call xs ; [XSS] = rand
+ call xs ; bx = random value
mov al, DEAD ; al = DEAD (likely)
- test word [XSS], 0b11
+ test bx, 0b11
- jnz .nz ; if ([XSS] % 4 == 0)
+ jnz .nz ; if (bx % 4 == 0)
mov al, ALIVE ; al = ALIVE
.nz:
- stosb ; [es:(di++)] = al
+ stosw ; [es:di] = ax, di += 2
loop .write_cell ; } while (--cx)
ret
-; print_grid() - print GRID cells to screen -----------------------------------
+; flip_vgapg() - flip active display page -------------------------------------
-; (*) this function expects ds = 0 when called and sets es = 0 before
-; returning. this is simpler because in the rest of the program we want the
-; segment registers to be zeroed anyway.
+; output:
+; [currvgapg] ^= VGAPGSZ
-; clobbers ax, cx, di, si
+; clobbers ax
-print_grid:
+flip_vgapg:
-les di, [farptr.vga_start] ; es:di -> VGA
-mov si, GRID ; ds:si -> GRID
+xor word [currvgapg], VGAPGSZ
-mov ah, PRINT_COLOR ; ah = color attribute
+setnz al ; al = !(currvgapg == 0)
+mov ah, 05h ; select active display page
+int 10h ; bios video services
-mov cx, COLS * ROWS ; for each cell
+ret
+
+; alive_neighbours() - get number of alive adjacent cells ---------------------
+
+; input:
+; es:si -> current grid
+; cx -> cell index
+
+; output:
+; ax = # alive neighbours
+
+; clobbers ax, bx, dx
+
+alive_neighbours:
+enter 5, 0
+
+; [bp - 1]: row
+; [bp - 2]: col
+; [bp - 3]: neighbours
+; [bp - 4]: i
+; [bp - 5]: j
+
+mov ax, cx ; ax = idx
+mov bl, COLS ; bl = COLS
+div bl ; al = idx / COLS, ah = idx % COLS
+
+mov [bp - 1], al ; row = idx / COLS
+mov [bp - 2], ah ; row = idx % COLS
+mov byte [bp - 3], 0 ; neighbours = 0
+
+mov byte [bp - 4], -1 ; i = -1
+.i: ; do {
+
+ mov byte [bp - 5], -1 ; j = -1
+.j: ; do {
+
+ mov al, [bp - 4]
+ or al, [bp - 5] ; if (!i && !j)
+ jz .continue ; continue
+
+ mov al, [bp - 1]
+ add al, [bp - 4] ; al = row + i
+
+ cmp al, 0 ; if (row + i < 0)
+ jl .continue ; continue
+
+ cmp al, ROWS ; if (row + i >= ROWS)
+ jge .continue ; continue
+
+ mov ah, [bp - 2]
+ add ah, [bp - 5] ; ah = col + j
-.print_cell: ; do {
+ cmp ah, 0 ; if (col + j < 0)
+ jl .continue ; continue
- lodsb ; al = [ds:(si++)]
- stosw ; [es:di] = ax ; di += 2
+ cmp ah, COLS ; if (col + j >= COLS)
+ jge .continue ; continue
- loop .print_cell ; } while (--cx)
+ movzx bx, ah ; bx = col + j
+
+ mov ah, COLS
+ mul ah ; ax = (row + i) * COLS
+
+ add bx, ax ; bx = cell index
+ shl bx, 1 ; bx = grid offset
+
+ mov dx, [es:si + bx] ; dl = cell state
+
+ cmp dl, ALIVE ; if (!ALIVE)
+ jne .continue ; continue
+
+ inc byte [bp - 3] ; neighbours++
+
+.continue:
+ inc byte [bp - 5]
+ cmp byte [bp - 5], 1
+ jle .j ; } while (++j <= 1)
+
+ inc byte [bp - 4]
+ cmp byte [bp - 4], 1
+ jle .i ; } while (++i <= 1)
+
+movzx ax, byte [bp - 3] ; ax = # alive neighbours
+
+leave
+ret
+
+; update_cell() - write next cell state ---------------------------------------
+
+; input:
+; es:si -> current grid
+; es:di -> next grid
+; cx -> cell index
+
+; output:
+; [es:di + cx * 2] = updated cell state
+
+; clobbers ax, bx, dx
+
+update_cell:
+
+call alive_neighbours ; ax = # alive neighbours
+
+mov bx, cx
+shl bx, 1
+
+mov dx, [es:si + bx] ; dl = cell current state
+
+cmp dl, ALIVE ; if (ALIVE) {
+jne .else
+
+shr ax, 1
+xor ax, 1 ; if (n != 2 || n != 3)
+jnz .dead ; return DEAD (likely)
+
+jmp .alive ; return ALIVE
+
+.else: ; }
+
+cmp ax, 3 ; if (n != 3)
+jne .dead ; return DEAD
+
+.alive: ; return ALIVE
+mov dl, ALIVE
+jmp .write
+
+.dead:
+mov dl, DEAD
+
+.write:
+mov [es:di + bx], dx
+
+ret
+
+; update_grid() - write next grid (inactive vga page) -------------------------
+
+; clobbers di, si, ax, bx, cx, dx
+
+update_grid:
+
+mov si, [currvgapg] ; es:si -> current page
+
+mov di, VGAPGSZ
+xor di, si ; es:di -> next page
+
+mov cx, COLS * ROWS - 1 ; for each cell (index)
+
+.update_loop: ; do {
+
+ call update_cell
+
+ dec cx
+ jns .update_loop ; } while (--cx > 0)
-mov es, cx ; es = 0
ret
; halt() - stop program execution ---------------------------------------------
hlt
jmp halt
-; data ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-farptr: ; offset, segment
-.zero:
- dw 0 ; take advantage of next dw 0
-
-.vga_start:
- dw 0, VGA >> 4
+; =============================================================================
times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0 ; fill remaining bytes with zeroes
-dw 0xaa55 ; mbr magic byte
+dw 0aa55h ; mbr magic byte
projects / lifeboot.git / blobdiff